ASTM A182 standard specification is for forged and rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, fittings, valves and parts for high temperature service. Common grades of alloy steel is Grade F5, F9, F11, F22, stainless steel F304/L and F316/L.
Surface finish refers to the process of altering a metal's surface that involves removing, adding, or reshaping. It is a measure of the complete texture of a product's surface that is defined by three characteristics of surface roughness, waviness, and lay. The surface roughness is the measure of the total spaced irregularities on the surface.
Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing or fittings shall be brazed, mechanical joints complying with Section 1303.3, press connect joints that conform to one of the standards in Table 1302.3 or flared joints. Flared joints shall be made by a tool designed for that operation.
•Provide a ball drip to drain the FDC •Don't create a churn between the FDC & the hydrant •NFPA 24 does not specify a minimum height above grade •Annex A.5.9 does state the FDC shall not be less than 18 inched nor more than 4 ft above finished grade •Remember the Fire Department may use a wrench to tighten the hose
Ball Grid Array (BGA) Packaging 14-2 2000 Packaging Databook 14.2 Package Attributes 14.3 Package Materials The PBGA package consists of a wire-bonded die on a substrate made of a two-metal layer copper
between the balls in the BGA area (for top and bottom layers), as we ll as the area between vias (for inner layers). The typical dimensions of FPGA ball pads and vias for 1.0 mm pitch devices are described in Figure 3-1, through Figure 3-4. X-Ref Target - Figure 3-1 Figure 3-1: Ball and Via Dimensions for 1.0mm Pitch FB and FT Devices (mils ...
ball bonding is limited to wires below approximately 50 µm in diameter. All interconnections that require larger - diameter wire are produced by wedge bonding aluminum or copper, using either round wire or ribbon (a flattened form of round wire). During the past 5 …
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solder ball number, size, and pitch. Package mechanical drawings can be obtained directly from TI's database by simply specifying the package descriptor. Figure 2 shows the mechanical dimensions for a 288-ball package coinciding with TI's package designator 288GTS. NOTE: Figure 2 is provided for reference only. Please refer to TI's package
The requirements contained in this Guide Specification are intended solely as a guide for the design ... ASME B16.18, cast copper alloy body, hexagonal stock, with ball-and- socket joint, metal-to-metal seating surfaces, and solder-joint, threaded, or solder-joint and threaded ends.
CSST Manufacturer's Bonding Requirements* [* No product is immune from lightning damage.] Downstream of point of delivery . Single point of attachment required . Bonding clamp on pipe/fitting . Conductor at least 6 AWG copper . Conductor as short as practical . Connect to grounding electrode system (NEC)
Connection used to join the ground leads to equipment and structures. The standard applies to testing connections joining copper, steel, copper-bonded steel, copper-clad steel, galvanized steel and stainless steel. The purpose of IEEE 837 is to: Assure users that connections will perform reliably over the lifetime of the installation.
Copper & Copper Alloy Tube and Pipe Standards. Copper & Copper Alloy Fittings; Download the entire white paper in PDF [67 kb]; Seamless Copper Pipe. Copper pipe is almost pure copper manufactured to the requirements of ASTM B 42 - Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes.It may be manufactured from any of five (5) copper alloys …
Wire sizes 22 and larger shall be constructed of copper. Wire size 24 and smaller shall be high strength copper alloy (HSC), for adequate termination strength and flex life. HSC wire should be checked for magnetic cleanliness. 4.9.2 Coaxial- Coaxial conductors shall be high conductive copper, copper alloy, or copper weld. 4.10 Lay of wire
Provides construction details for various scupper types. They talk about scuppers being made out of copper in that article, but that doesn't mean that scuppers have to be made out of copper or that the information provided is only applicable to copper scuppers. (Copper is a great scupper material, though). 7.
Ball bonding requires only three axes of movement (X,Y,Z) while wedge bonding requires four axes of movement (X,Y,Z,θ). In ball bonding, only gold (Au) wire can be used while gold and aluminum (Al) wires are used commonly in wedge bonding. This is because Al wire will oxidize during the electronic flame off (EFO) process to form the ball.
Copper Trace Width/Spacing. Copper spacing is the minimum air gap between any two adjacent copper features. Trace width is the minimum width of a copper feature, usually traces. Requirements: A premium is charged for trace width/spacing less than .007". (We can process .004" for 1 oz. CU. finished (outer layers) and .5 oz. CU finished (inner ...
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copper show more linearity and much less nonlinearity of the ductile materials. Little ductility is exhibited with these materials, and they fracture soon after reaching the elastic limit. Because of this property, greater care must be used in designing with brittle materials. The effects of stress concentration are more important, and there is ...
CTS (copper tube size) controlled outside diameter. It features a profile that is more than half-round, making it self-gripping. It provides continuous support of PEX piping, allowing increased hanger spacing compared to bare PEX. Product offering PEX-a Pipe Support is available in 9-foot (3m) lengths in the following sizes: • ½" • ¾ ...
single copper concentrate has been modeled for this study. In 2011, approximately 13 million metric tons (Mt), or about 80 percent of the world's primary copper supply, originated from concentrate produced by flotation (International Copper Study Group, 2012). In 2011, about 60 percent of primary
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Hard drawn copper tubing is used for halocarbon refrigeration systems. Types L and K are approved for air conditioning and refrigeration (ACR) applications. Type M is not used because the wall is too thin. The nominal size is based on the outside diameter (OD). Typical sizes include 5/8 inch, 7/8 inch, 1-1/8 inch, etc.
Requirements, addressing requirements to insulation systems, procedures and qualification of personnel. Piping and equipment insulation R-004 Rev. 2, June 1999 NORSOK standard 3 of 26 1 SCOPE This standard covers the minimum requirements for …
added requirements for making ductile iron products. The sixth edition in 1964 broadened the scope of the Marking Standard Practice and revised the examples and sections of the text to reflect changes in piping requirements. The seventh edition in 1978 was completely revised and rewritten to simplify its cross references and to
The American Water Works Association first published consensus documents in 1908. Today there are more than 180 AWWA Standards. From source to storage, from treatment to distribution, AWWA standards cover all areas of water treatment and supply.
A Breakdown of the RCRA 8 Metals Arsenic . Arsenic, typically thought of as the de rigueur poison of the nobility during the Middle Ages, is actually found in small—but harmless—concentrations in our food and water today.Due to its prevalent use and misuse in the historical record, its toxicity is well known.
Find information about lead finish and solder ball composition options that TI offers, and the company's Tin plating process. For more information please contact TI customer support. Lead finish composition. For device-specific composition, click here.
Guide addresses only B31.3, however this guidance is typical of the requirements of other piping Codes. The information contained in this Guide provides clarification to the Code text, additional information not contained in ASME B31.3, and design input specific to LANL. This Guide is not to be used as a stand-alone document.